A remarkable discovery near Jerusalem's Mount of Olives sheds light on Jewish life in the fourth century. The Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) announced the excavation of an intricately decorated oil lamp, estimated to be 1,700 years old, during the Late Roman Empire. This period witnessed Christianity's rise as the dominant religion, alongside the continued presence of Jewish communities facing Roman persecution.
The lamp's carvings depict significant Jewish symbols: a menorah, an incense shovel, and a lulav (a date palm frond used during Sukkot). These symbols, associated with the Second Temple, are particularly poignant given the temple's destruction over two centuries prior to the lamp's creation. IAA Excavation Director Michael Chernin highlighted the lamp's exceptional artistry and rarity, stating that these symbols underscore the enduring Jewish connection to the Temple.
The presence of soot marks on the lamp's nozzle offers a tangible link to its past use, providing a glimpse into the daily life of a Jewish individual nearly two millennia ago. According to Chernin, the discovery is particularly significant due to the scarcity of information about Jewish communities in Jerusalem during the fourth century. Following the Bar Kokhba rebellion's suppression in 135 CE, Jews were expelled from the city, making this artifact a rare testament to their continued presence in the region.
IAA Research Archaeologist Benjamin Storchan detailed the lamp's meticulous craftsmanship, explaining that it was created using intricately carved limestone molds and a two-part pressing technique. He suggested that the lamp likely belonged to an individual who valued its religious symbolism and its connection to the Temple.
The ancient oil lamp is currently on display at the Jay and Jeanie Schottenstein National Campus for Archaeology in Jerusalem, allowing the public to witness this remarkable piece of history through the Festival of Lights.
